What Is Lymphedema?

Symptoms, types, and treatment options — including compression pumps, garments, and therapy support.

Overview

What is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema is a disorder of the lymphatic circulation marked by the buildup of lymph fluid — often causing swelling in the arms or legs when lymph vessels or lymph nodes are blocked, damaged, or surgically removed.

When the lymphatic system is impaired, lymph fluid can exceed the body's transport capacity. This may lead to a buildup of protein-rich fluid in surrounding tissue, reduced oxygen delivery, delayed wound healing, increased infection risk, and long-term tissue hardening known as fibrosis.

Types

What Kinds of Lymphedema Are There?

Lymphedema can be grouped into three main types.

Diagram showing primary, secondary, and venous lymphedema types — Advanced Rehab Technologies

Primary Lymphedema

A congenital abnormality sometimes known as Milroy's Disease. It may develop during childhood or early adulthood. There is no cure, but it can be managed through therapy.

Secondary Lymphedema

The most common form, resulting from damage to lymph nodes after surgery or radiation for breast cancer, cervical cancer, rectal cancer, or anal cancer.

Venous Disorders

Chronic Venous Insufficiency causes swelling from partial vein blockage or blood leakage around vein valves. May contribute to ulcers, clotting issues, and cellulitis.

Treatment Options

How Is Lymphedema Treated?

Many physicians and therapists recommend combining several therapies for better long-term management of lymphedema.

Elevation

Keeping the limb elevated, often above heart level, may help encourage fluid drainage. This method requires no special equipment, but it may take time to show results.

Lymphatic Massage

Manual lymph drainage is performed by trained therapists using specialized techniques to help move lymph fluid. Some patients can also be taught self-management methods, though insurance coverage varies.

Compression Garments

Compression garments help maintain limb size and may be off-the-shelf or custom-made. Compression strength varies, and garments generally need regular replacement as they lose effectiveness over time.

Pneumatic Compression Pumps & Sleeves

Air-filled devices that fit over the swollen limb and use controlled gradient pressure to help move fluid toward the body. Commonly prescribed as part of a broader therapy plan — Medicare-covered options are available.

View Compression Pumps

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Common Questions

Who is at risk for lymphedema?

In the United States, lymphedema often develops after cancer treatment involving surgery or radiation. People treated for breast, cervical, uterine, rectal, anal, testicular, or prostate cancer may face higher risk depending on the treatment area.

What are the symptoms of lymphedema?

Lymphedema often begins with swelling in the hands, feet, arms, or legs. Persistent swelling in an extremity should be evaluated by a medical professional — early treatment generally improves management outcomes.

Is lymphedema curable?

No. Lymphedema is not curable, but it can often be effectively treated and managed with the right compression therapy equipment and individualized care plan.

How is lymphedema treated?

Lymphedema is usually managed through a combination of therapies. Many clinicians consider a multifaceted treatment plan — combining pumps, garments, massage, and elevation — the most effective approach.

What happens if lymphedema is not treated?

Untreated lymphedema may worsen over time, with increased swelling, skin hardening, reduced flexibility, and higher risk of infections such as cellulitis. Suspected infection should be evaluated immediately by a medical professional.